The federal agencies that sponsor most physical-sciences research at American universities received good news on Tuesday, as the Senate subcommittee that oversees most federal spending on science voted to increase the budget of the National Science Foundation by 8 percent in the 2007 fiscal year, and two senators said they supported a surprise $1-billion emergency grant to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The science foundation\'s proposed budget for the next fiscal year, which begins on October 1, would rise to $5.99-billion, $410-million more than in the current fiscal year and just under the $6.01-billion that President Bush requested and the House of Representatives approved.