Wayne State University neuroscientist Moriah Thomason, Ph.D., was awarded a five-year, $2.3 million grant to study the functional development of the human fetal brain and correlate it to behavior at age 4.
The grant is an Innovative New Scientist Award through the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health, reserved for productive, early-stage investigators implementing high-impact, novel research. Dr. Thomason is an assistant professor in the WSU School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics and the Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development. She is the director of the Unit on Perinatal Neural Connectivity for the Perinatology Research Branch.
The study, "In Utero Assessment of the Human Neural Connectome and Later Child Behavior," takes advantage of recent technology that allows noninvasive imaging studies of coordinated function in the living human fetal brain. Compelling evidence indicates that psychiatric and developmental disorders are generally caused by disruptions in the functional connectivity of brain networks.
"The human fetal brain is complex, highly plastic and extremely vulnerable," Dr. Thomason said. "Even mild variation in utero can drastically impair lifelong learning and neurological health."
Magnetic resonance imaging of resting state functional connectivity, or RSFC, has multiple inherent advantages, especially in studying the fetal brain. Within minutes, robust information about global connectional properties can be assessed while subjects rest or sleep. Using RSFC MRI, the team will study brain function in the typically developing fetus and in children at high risk due to maternal stress. In the typically developing group, Thomason and her team will attempt to determine whether there is a convergence of brain development — between 25 weeks gestation to 12 weeks old — toward globally coordinated function. They will also test whether brain activity between cognitive networks becomes more interrelated during this period.
In the children of highly stressed mothers, they will compare fetal brain scans against children's key developmental milestones, such as ability to self-regulate, at age 4. Many children born to mothers with high prenatal stress exhibit psychological and psychological problems, as well as altered brain morphology. This project will look for changes in the brain that might be precursors to later problems.
"What variations in prenatal brain connectivity predispose the 4-year-old to delays in developmental milestones?" Dr. Thomason asked. "We want to identify the pathways where risks to development occur so we can ultimately prevent these consequences."
Her co-investigators are Chris Trentacosta, Ph.D., associate professor of Psychology in Wayne State's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and affiliate faculty member at MPSI; Catherine Monk, Ph.D. of Columbia University; and S. Alexandra Burt, Ph.D., of Michigan State University.
The NIMH award number is MH110793-01.